Tamil Nadu

தமிழ்நாடு

India · Source region

Source region for Chola maritime networks, Chettiar mercantile expansion, Kangani-system estate labour and 19th–20th century indenture migration. Linguistic and archival anchor for the ecumene.

Population — as cited

72,147,030

Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India · 2011

2021 Census delayed; 2011 figure remains the most recent official count.

TLTE never aggregates a "Tamil population" or "Tamil GDP" figure. Numbers are cited verbatim from the named source.

Memory custodians

·Roja Muthiah Research Library, Chennai (EAP183, EAP372)
·Tamil University, Thanjavur (EAP1217, EAP1294)
·Institut Français de Pondichéry — Saiva MSS (UNESCO MoW)
·Institute of Asian Studies — Tamil Medical MSS (UNESCO MoW)

Tamil-language press / cultural bodies

· Dinamalar
· Dinamani
· The Hindu Tamil
· Vikatan group

Outlet names only. Never journalist names. See the Press Freedom Desk for protection rationale.

Remittance corridor

all → India (KNOMAD bilateral matrix)

Tamil-specific corridors do not exist in any public dataset. Country-pair via World Bank KNOMAD is the available proxy.

Relations to other nodes

Mauritiusindenture route— Formal indenture 1842–1910 (UNESCO MoW)
Réunionindenture route— French indenture from 1828
South Africa · Durbanindenture route— Natal 1860–1911 (GLDC Ships List)
Fijiindenture route— Madras Presidency component, 1879–1916
Guyanaindenture route— Madras Presidency component, 1838–1917
Trinidad & Tobagoindenture route— Madras Presidency component, 1845–1917
Malaiyaha · Up-countryindenture route— Kangani system to Ceylon estates
Malaysiaindenture route— Kangani system to Malayan plantations
Burma · Myanmarmercantile network— Nattukottai Chettiar banking (EAP1615)
Malaysiamercantile network— Chettiar mercantile lineage
Singaporemercantile network— Chettiar / professional settlement
Seychellesmercantile network— Artisan/trader settlement 19c
Mauritiusmemory custodian— MGI archives indenture records
South Africa · Durbanmemory custodian— GLDC UKZN Ships List
United Kingdom · Londonmemory custodian— SOAS + BL EAP custodianship
Canada · Torontomemory custodian— UTSC Tamil Studies Chair
Singaporeremittance corridor— KNOMAD SG→IN
Malaysiaremittance corridor— KNOMAD MY→IN
South Africa · Durbanremittance corridor— KNOMAD ZA→IN

Anchor citations

← All nodes Methodology Honesty Gaps

Continue in Indian Ocean Tamil Ecumene

Ecumene · Spine narrative

Long-form anchor — what the spatial spine is, what it refuses to be.

Ecumene · Interactive Atlas

Orthographic globe, 18 nodes, cited edges. Indenture / refugee / remittance layers.

Ecumene · Relational Graph

Same data, region-grouped radial layout. Dual-spine toggle (Kindred / Indenture).

Ecumene · Civic Signal

Link-only Tier-A ledger by region. Reads existing Unmai ledgers per node.