Guyana

கயானா

Guyana · Formal indenture (1834–1920)

1838–1917 indenture to British Guiana sugar plantations. ~238,979 indentured arrivals documented. Tamil-specific disaggregation absent from official sources — historical Tamil presence was a minority of total indenture (most from North India).

Population — as cited

Indo-Guyanese ~43.5%; Tamil subset not disaggregated

Guyana Bureau of Statistics — 2012 Census; National Archives historical record · 2012

TLTE never aggregates a "Tamil population" or "Tamil GDP" figure. Numbers are cited verbatim from the named source.

Memory custodians

·National Archives of Guyana — Indian Immigration Collection (1838–1917)

Tamil-language press / cultural bodies

· No Tamil-language press identified

Outlet names only. Never journalist names. See the Press Freedom Desk for protection rationale.

Relations to other nodes

Tamil Naduindenture route— Madras Presidency component, 1838–1917

Anchor citations

Indian Indenture in the Lesser Antilles, 1838–1920tlte-cite:ecumene-roopnarine-2011
Lomarsh Roopnarine · University of the West Indies Press (2011)
Peer-reviewed scholarly account of Caribbean indenture. Cited as the academic anchor for the Guyana and Trinidad Tamil-cohort estimates (Tamils were a minority of total indenture; never aggregated into a single 'Tamil diaspora' figure).

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Ecumene · Spine narrative

Long-form anchor — what the spatial spine is, what it refuses to be.

Ecumene · Interactive Atlas

Orthographic globe, 18 nodes, cited edges. Indenture / refugee / remittance layers.

Ecumene · Relational Graph

Same data, region-grouped radial layout. Dual-spine toggle (Kindred / Indenture).

Ecumene · Civic Signal

Link-only Tier-A ledger by region. Reads existing Unmai ledgers per node.