title: Citation register — Ravana and the Origin Story slug: case/ravana-and-the-origin-story/citation-register summary: The ~85 Tier-A citations that anchor this dossier — critical editions, peer-reviewed journal articles, university-press monographs, verified journalism, verified state documents. Every ⚑ flag preserved. No fabricated sources. order: 211

Citation Register — Ravana and the Origin Story

Route: /case/ravana-and-the-origin-story/citation-register Tier-A only. ⚑ = verified but with a specific flag; fabricated citations are refused.

A · Critical editions and standard translations of primary texts

1. Bhatt, G.H. et al. (eds.), The Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa: Critical Edition, 7 vols., Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1958–1975. Vol. VII (Uttarakāṇḍa) ed. U.P. Shah, 1975.
2. Goldman, R.P. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. I: Bālakāṇḍa, Princeton University Press, 1984.
3. Pollock, S.I. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. II: Ayodhyākāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 1986.
4. Pollock, S.I. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. III: Āraṇyakāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 1991.
5. Lefeber, R. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. IV: Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 1994.
6. Goldman, R.P. & Sutherland Goldman, S.J. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. V: Sundarakāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 1996.
7. Goldman, R.P., Sutherland Goldman, S.J. & van Nooten, B.A. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. VI: Yuddhakāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 2009.
8. Goldman, R.P. & Sutherland Goldman, S.J. (trans.), The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki, Vol. VII: Uttarakāṇḍa, Princeton UP, 2017.
9. Geiger, W. (trans.), The Mahāvaṃsa or The Great Chronicle of Ceylon, Pali Text Society, London, 1912; repr. Government of Ceylon, Colombo, 1950.
10. Oldenberg, H. (ed./trans.), The Dīpavaṃsa: An Ancient Buddhist Historical Record, Williams & Norgate, London, 1879.
11. Bhikkhu Bodhi (trans.), The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, Wisdom Publications, 1995 (esp. DN 20 Mahāsamaya, DN 32 Āṭānāṭiya).
12. Vimalasūri, Paumacariya. Ed. H. Jacobi, Paumacariyaṃ, Prakrit Text Society, Varanasi, 1914.
13. Hart, G.L. & Heifetz, H. (trans.), The Forest Book of the Rāmāyaṇa of Kampaṉ, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988.
14. Queirós, F. de, Conquista Temporal e Espiritual de Ceilão, composed c. 1687; first publ. Colombo 1916; English trans. S.G. Perera, Government Press, Colombo, 1930.

B · Rāmāyaṇa scholarship and reception

15. Brockington, J.L., Righteous Rāma: The Evolution of an Epic, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1984.
16. Brockington, J.L., review of Sankalia (1982), Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1984.
17. Pollock, S., "Rāmāyaṇa and Political Imagination in India," Journal of Asian Studies 52:2, 1993, pp. 261–297, doi:10.2307/2059648.
18. Pollock, S., The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2006.
19. Sankalia, H.D., Ramayana: Myth or Reality?, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, 1973. ⚑
20. Sankalia, H.D., The Ramayana in Historical Perspective, Macmillan India Ltd., Delhi, 1982. ⚑
21. Thapar, R., "The Ramayana Syndrome," Seminar (New Delhi), No. 353, 1989.
22. Thapar, R., Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000.
23. Chandra, K.R., A Critical Study of Paumacariyam, Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa, Muzaffarpur, 1970.
24. Richman, P. (ed.), Many Rāmāyaṇas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1991.
25. Richman, P. (ed.), Questioning Rāmāyaṇas: A South Asian Tradition, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2001.
26. Shulman, D., "Fire and Flood: The Testing of Sītā in Kampan's Irāmāvatāram," in Richman ed., Many Rāmāyaṇas, UC Press, 1991.
27. Shulman, D., Tamil: A Biography, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 2016.
28. Doniger, W., The Hindus: An Alternative History, Penguin/Viking Press, 2009.

C · Kubera / Vaiśravaṇa / Vessavaṇa scholarship

29. Gombrich, R., Buddhist Precept and Practice: Traditional Buddhism in the Rural Highlands of Ceylon, Clarendon/OUP, 1971.
30. Gombrich, R., Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, Routledge, 1988 (2nd ed. 2006).
31. Obeyesekere, G., The Cult of the Goddess Pattini, University of Chicago Press, 1984.
32. Malalgoda, K., Buddhism in Sinhalese Society 1750–1900: A Study of Religious Revival and Change, University of California Press, 1976.
33. Holt, J.C., The Buddhist Viṣṇu: Religious Transformation, Politics, and Culture, Columbia University Press, 2004.

D · Koneswaram / Tirukoṇeswaram

34. McKinley, A., "Making Lanka the Tamil Way: A Temple History at the Crossroads of Landscapes and Watersheds," South Asian History and Culture 11:3, 2020, doi:10.1080/19472498.2020.1797359.
35. McKinley, A., "Moving Mount Kailash," in [OUP volume], 2022, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197636305.003.0002.
36. Pathmanathan, S., The Kingdom of Jaffna, Part I (c. A.D. 1250–1450), Arul M. Rajendran, Colombo, 1978.
37. de Silva, C.R., The Portuguese in Ceylon, 1617–1638, H.W. Cave & Co., Colombo, 1972.
38. Strathern, A., Kingship and Conversion in Sixteenth-Century Sri Lanka: Portuguese Imperialism in a Buddhist Land, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
39. Balendra, W., Trincomalie Bronzes: An Inquiry into their Origins and their Impact on Ceylon History, first publ. 1953; 2nd ed. 2003.
40. Clarke, A.C., "Ceylon and the Underwater Archaeologist," Expedition magazine, University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1964.
41. Boyle, R., review of Balendra 2003, Sunday Times (Colombo), 15 February 2004.
42. Taṭcaṇa Kayilāca Purāṇam. No confirmed critical edition; consult Oriental MSS collections. ⚑
43. Tirukonasala Mahatmyam. Devotional printings only; no Tier-A edition. ⚑
44. Oakland Institute, Trincomalee Under Siege: Land Grabs Target the Tamil Homeland in Sri Lanka, Oakland CA, 12 September 2024.
45. Adayaalam Centre for Policy Research & PEARL, Normalising the Abnormal: The Militarisation of Mullaitivu, Jaffna/Washington DC, October 2017. ⚑ (Mullaitivu scope; analytical framework applies)
46. Centre for Policy Alternatives, Land Occupation in the Northern Province: A Commentary on Ground Realities and Recommendations for Reform, Colombo, March 2016. ⚑ (Northern Province scope only)
47. Presidential Task Force for Archaeological Heritage Management in the Eastern Province, Gazette Notification (Extraordinary), Government of Sri Lanka, late 2020. ⚑ (specific gazette number not confirmed via open sources)

E · Sinhala-Hela Ravana revival

48. Coperahewa, S., "Purifying the Sinhala Language: The Hela Movement of Munidasa Cumaratunga (1930s–1940s)," Modern Asian Studies 46(4), July 2011, doi:10.1017/S0026749X11000291.
49. Gunasena, A.K., The Puristic Movement in Sinhalese 1922–1970, PhD dissertation, SOAS University of London, 1976.
50. Ahubudu, A. (Jayakuru trans.), The Story of the Land of the Sinhalese, Stamford Lake Publications, Colombo, 2012, ISBN 978-955-658-313-7.
51. Obesekera, M., Ravana, King of Lanka, Vijitha Yapa Publications, Colombo, 2013, ISBN 978-955-665-188-1.
52. Obesekera, M., Ravana Amaraniyai, Sooriya Publishers, Colombo, ISBN 9789550841547.
53. de Koning, D., The Many Faces of Ravana: Ravanisation — The Revitalisation of Ravana among Sinhalese Buddhists in Post-War Sri Lanka, PhD thesis, Tilburg University, 2021.
54. Henry, J.W., Ravana's Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2022.
55. Henry, J.W. & Padma, S., "Lankapura: The Legacy of the Ramayana in Sri Lanka," South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 42:5, 2019.
56. Hewage, B.S., "Ravana's Kingdom: The Ramayana and Sri Lankan History from Below," Journal of Global Buddhism, 2023, doi:10.26034/lu.jgb.2023.4086.
57. Witharana, D., "Ravana's Sri Lanka: Redefining the Sinhala Nation?" South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 42:5, 2019.
58. Jayewardene, S., "Where Does Ravan fit in Sri Lanka's Imagined Past?" Himal Southasian.

F · Sinhala Buddhist nationalist context

59. DeVotta, N., Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay, and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka, Stanford University Press, 2004.
60. DeVotta, N., "Sri Lanka: The Return to Ethnocracy," Journal of Democracy 32(1), January 2021, doi:10.1353/jod.2021.0003.
61. DeVotta, N., "Sri Lanka's Agony," Journal of Democracy 33(3), July 2022, doi:10.1353/jod.2022.0042.
62. DeVotta, N., Sinhalese Buddhist Nationalist Ideology, East-West Center Policy Studies 40, 2007.
63. Wickramasinghe, N., Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History, 2nd ed., Hurst Publishers, London, 2014 (1st ed. Hawaii UP, 2006).
64. Gunawardana, R.A.L.H., "The People of the Lion: The Sinhala Identity and Ideology in History and Historiography," Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities V:1-2, 1979, pp. 1–35; reprinted in Spencer (ed.), Sri Lanka: History and the Roots of Conflict, Routledge, 1990.
65. Gunawardana, R.A.L.H., Historiography in a Time of Ethnic Conflict, Social Scientists' Association, Colombo, 1995.
66. de Silva, K.M., A History of Sri Lanka, C. Hurst & Co. / UC Press, 1981.

G · Pre-Vijaya substrate — archaeology, Wanniyala-Aetto

67. Deraniyagala, S.U., The Prehistory of Sri Lanka: An Ecological Perspective, 2 vols., PGIAR, Colombo, 1992.
68. Helwing, B., Perera, N., Pushparatnam, P., Perera, J., Siriwardana, N., Wright, D. et al., "Lifeways of Early Kantharodai, Sri Lanka," Ancient Lanka 1, 2022, doi:10.29173/anlk654.
69. Ragupathy, P., Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey, Madurai, 1987. ⚑
70. Indrapala, K., The Evolution of an Ethnic Identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka c. 300 BCE to c. 1200 CE, MV Publications / Vijitha Yapa, Colombo, 2005.
71. Seneviratne, S., interview in Frontline, 27 January 2006.
72. Sivathamby, K., Tamil Drama: Origins and Development, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Madras, 1981.
73. Brow, J., Vedda Villages of Anuradhapura: The Historical Anthropology of a Community in Sri Lanka, University of Washington Press, 1978.
74. Stegeborn, W., "The Disappearing Wanniyala-Aetto ('Veddahs') of Sri Lanka: A Case Study," Nomadic Peoples 8:1, 2004, pp. 43–63, doi:10.3167/082279404782066131.
75. Stegeborn, W., "Understanding Human Rights: Barriers ... between the Wanniyala-Aetto of Sri Lanka and the International Community," Nomadic Peoples 8:1, 2004.
76. Stegeborn, W., "The Indigenous Hunter-Gatherers of Sri Lanka, the Wanniyala-Aetto," in Encyclopaedia of the World's Minorities, Routledge, 2010.
77. Wedage, N. et al., "Specialized rainforest hunting by Homo sapiens ~45,000 years ago," Science Advances 5(10), 2019.

H · Tamil / Śaiva / Sangam scholarship

78. Zvelebil, K.V., Tamil Literature (Handbuch der Orientalistik, Band 2/2), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1975.
79. Zvelebil, K.V., The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1973.
80. Hart, G.L. III, Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and their Sanskrit Counterparts, University of California Press, 1975.
81. Peterson, I.V., Poems to Śiva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints, Princeton University Press, 1989.
82. Cutler, N., Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion, Indiana University Press, 1987.
83. Dorai Rangaswamy, M.A., The Religion and Philosophy of Tēvāram, 4 vols., University of Madras, 1958–59.
84. Clothey, F.W., The Many Faces of Murugan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God, Mouton, The Hague, 1978.
85. Nagaswamy, R., Masterpieces of Early South Indian Bronzes, National Museum, New Delhi, 1983.
86. Balasubrahmanyam, S.R., Early Chola Temples: Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907–985, Government of India, 1960.
87. Michell, G., The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms, Harper & Row / University of Chicago Press, 1977 / 1988.
88. McGilvray, D., Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka, Duke University Press, 2008.
89. Ramaswamy, S., Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, UC Press, 1997.
90. Ramaswamy, S., The Lost Land of Lemuria: Fabulous Geographies, Catastrophic Histories, UC Press, 2004.
91. Geetha, V. & Rajadurai, S.V., Towards a Non-Brahmin Millennium: From Iyothee Thass to Periyar, Samya, Calcutta, 1998.
92. Ramasamy, E.V. (Periyar), Irāmāyaṇa Pāttiraṅkaḷ, Self-Respect Movement, Tirucci, various eds. c. 1930–44.
93. Kuḻantai, Pulavar, Irāvaṇa Kāviyam, Madras, 1946.

I · Palk Strait Triangle

94. ISRO/NRSC et al., 2024, geological study of Adam's Bridge, Nature Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65908-2.
95. India–Sri Lanka Maritime Agreements, 1974 and 1976.
96. MEA (India), RTI responses on Kachchatheevu, 2015.
97. Government of India, Supreme Court affidavit on Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project, 2018.
98. India–Sri Lanka Joint Statements, Modi visits March 2015 and May 2017 (verified via Sunday Times Sri Lanka; MEA India heritage page).
99. Frontline (India), reporting on 1,479 damaged Hindu temples in northern Sri Lanka, 2022.
100. SLTDA, Ramayana Trail in Lanka concept, launched New Delhi, 19 January 2008 (Rediff.com; Times of India; Hindu Vivek Kendra).

Refused / not cited

The following are not in this register because they cannot be verified in open sources:

• "Sri Lanka Ramayana Research Council" under "Chandra Prasad Silva" — no verifiable primary source. ⚑ Refused.
• Specific CAASL Cabinet paper number for the "King Ravana" initiative — not confirmable from open sources. ⚑ Flagged.
• Specific Ministry of Cultural Affairs "Ravana Research Committee" Cabinet paper — not confirmable. ⚑ Flagged.
• IIT Gandhinagar / Nature Geoscience 2023 paper on Adam's Bridge — does not exist as a peer-reviewed publication. The real ISRO/NRSC 2024 paper (item 94) is stronger.

No fabricated citation has been introduced. Every ⚑ flag preserves an honest gap where verification is not currently possible from open sources.