Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka (Act No. 14 of 1987)

The constitutional output of the 1987 Indo-Lanka Accord. Established the Provincial Council system and nominally devolved powers over land, police, education, health, agriculture, and local government to the provinces. Forty years later the police powers (List I, Item 11) have never been operationalised, the land powers (Item 18) remain functionally with central authorities (Land Commissioner, Mahaweli Authority, Forest Department, Archaeology Department), and the North-East merger was de-merged by Supreme Court ruling in 2006. /case/frameworks/indo-lanka-accord-1987 reads this as the constitutional ceiling, not the floor — the most-cited piece of evidence in the post-2009 argument that remedy within unitary architecture is structurally unavailable.