Define and Rule: Native as Political Identity

Mamdani's argument that late-colonial administrative practice fixed fluid pre-colonial identities into legally-bounded 'native' political categories — and that the post-colonial state inherited those categories as constitutional facts. Cited as the theoretical anchor for the proposition that the structural problem TLTE addresses is not 'Britain caused Black July 1983' (it did not) but 'the transferred state structure inherited fixed communal categories without entrenched cross-community protections and proved unable to evolve out of them under majoritarian electoral pressure.' Pair with DeVotta 2007 (ethnic outbidding) and Wilson 1988.