சட்ட மீட்புப் பாதைகள்Legal Recovery Pathways — The Architecture Already Exists
UNCAC Chapter V · UK POCA / UWO · Magnitsky regimes · Swiss FIAA · Singapore CDSA/MACMA · universal jurisdiction · civil torts · FATF/APG. The architecture for recovering both misappropriated movement funds and war-era state-capture wealth — and for routing recovery into a community-trust restitution structure.
This brief does not name a target, an asset, or an account. It establishes that the categories of conduct in the previous dossier fall squarely within the reach of multiple concurrent legal regimes — built up, case by case, over forty years (Abacha, Marcos, Duvalier, Mobutu, Ben Ali, Mubarak, Lazarenko, Syrian command). Activation is a civil-society question, not a legal-gap question.
§1Two asset pools
Pool A — misappropriated movement funds: diaspora-solicited funds diverted for personal enrichment, offshore parking, or organisational capture. Pool B — war-era and post-war state-capture wealth: procurement corruption, war profiteering, post-war economic capture of N-E land, tourism and ports.
§2Nine pathways
1. UNCAC Chapter V (Arts 51–59). Sri Lanka acceded 31 Mar 2004. Art 54(1)(b) non-conviction-based forfeiture; Art 55 MLA; Art 57(3)(c) return to 'prior legitimate owners' — critical for Pool A.
2. UK POCA 2002 Part 5 + Unexplained Wealth Orders (CFA 2017, s. 362A–I). Hajiyeva [2020] EWCA Civ 108.
3. Magnitsky-style sanctions — UK GHR Regs 2020 (SI 2020/680), US EO 13818, Canada JVCFOA 2017, EU Reg 2020/1998, Australia (2021).
4. Swiss Foreign Illicit Assets Act (FIAA) 2016. Art 3 'collapsed rule of law'; Art 17(2) restitution direct to the population. Precedents: Duvalier, Mobutu, Ben Ali, Mubarak.
5. Singapore CDSA + MACMA. Foreign-serious-offence predicate; reaches professional enablers (s. 47). 2023 S$2.8B case.
6. Universal jurisdiction. UK CJA 2009 s.70; German VStGB (no nexus required); France, Spain, Argentina. ITJP filings in Argentina already create a foreign-judicial record usable as MLA grounding elsewhere.
7. Civil torts in host states. US ATS/TVPA; UK Group Litigation Order / class action for donor fraud, deceit, breach of charitable trust; Canadian Class Proceedings Acts.
8. Community-trust restitution architecture. UNCAC Art 57(3)(c) + FIAA Art 17(2) + comparators (UN Compensation Commission, Claims Conference, Kosovo Trust Agency, Liberian GEMAP) supply the building blocks for a non-state trustee returning recovered assets to Tamil community beneficiaries — not to Colombo.
9. FATF / APG Mutual Evaluation lever. R.12 (PEP EDD), R.13 (correspondent banking), R.38 (MLA effectiveness). Civil-society submissions to the next APG MER on Sri Lanka are a structurally consequential, non-litigious pathway.
§3Strategic sequencing
Document → file with one accredited judicial body → activate FIUs (EGMONT) → secure a Magnitsky designation (fastest) → UWO or NCB civil recovery → MLA chain to CH/SG → register the community trust before recovery completes → submit to APG MER in parallel.
§4What this is not
Not a list of targets. Not vigilantism. Not accusation. Not new — every comparator listed has been litigated for decades. The architecture exists; activation is a sustained civil-society question.
Sources
- ◇UN Convention against Corruption (Chapter V). Resolve
- ◇Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (UK) + CFA 2017. Resolve
- ◇UK Global Human Rights Sanctions Regulations 2020. Resolve
- ◇Swiss Foreign Illicit Assets Act (FIAA) 2016. Resolve
- ◇Singapore CDSA + MACMA. Resolve
- ◇FATF / APG Mutual Evaluation methodology. Resolve
- ◇US OFAC SDN — comparator regime. Resolve
- ◇ICJ — Sri Lanka PTA jurisprudence. Resolve