{
  "name": "The Balachandran Envelope",
  "short": "balachandran",
  "kind": "state-accountability campaign",
  "era": "Aarambam",
  "campaign_url": "https://docs.tlte.cloud/balachandran",
  "spine": "state-accountability",
  "refusals": [
    "not a VP-rehabilitation surface",
    "not a martyr surface",
    "not emotional aggregation",
    "not survivor intake",
    "no perpetrator naming (that is ITJP / OHCHR / UN PoE mandate)",
    "no new family names introduced",
    "no shipments to Sri Lanka (fisher-safety refusal)"
  ],
  "method": {
    "envelopes": 110,
    "child": 1,
    "question": "Was this a lawful killing?",
    "origin": "United Kingdom",
    "destinations": "one hundred and ten institutions across nine tiers (see recipient tiers below)"
  },
  "child": {
    "name": "Balachandran Prabhakaran",
    "age": 12,
    "status": "killed in state custody",
    "photograph_source": "Callum Macrae — No Fire Zone (Channel 4, 2013)",
    "forensic_finding": "close-range custodial execution (forensic photographs on the public record)"
  },
  "tier_a_anchors": [
    "UN Secretary-General's Panel of Experts (2011) — accountability findings on final-phase custodial killings",
    "OHCHR OISL 2015 (A/HRC/30/CRP.2) — command-responsibility standard",
    "Callum Macrae — No Fire Zone: The Killing Fields of Sri Lanka (Channel 4, 2013)",
    "Marzuki Darusman — public statements on the case as PoE chair",
    "ITJP standing submissions to UN mandate-holders",
    "Manoharan family public statement (2024)",
    "UN OHCHR Joint Communication AL LKA 1/2025 (21 July 2025) — four mandate-holders name the Channel 4 case cluster"
  ],
  "tier_b_anchors": [
    "BBC News (2013) — coverage of the Channel 4 forensic photographs of Balachandran in custody",
    "Reuters (2013) — record-of-account reporting on the No Fire Zone photographs and UN response"
  ],
  "un_communications": [
    {
      "ref": "AL LKA 1/2025",
      "date": "2025-07-21",
      "mandate_holders": [
        "SR Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of Non-recurrence",
        "Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (WGEID)",
        "SR Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions",
        "SR Independence of Judges and Lawyers"
      ],
      "state_reply": "no substantive reply on the public record at time of writing"
    }
  ],
  "sibling_cases_al_lka_1_2025": [
    "Trincomalee 5 (2006)",
    "ACF — Action Contre la Faim, Muttur (2006)",
    "Navy 11 — enforced disappearances (2008–2009)",
    "White Flag surrenders (May 2009)",
    "Channel 4 case cluster — including Balachandran Prabhakaran",
    "Mullaitivu final-phase custodial killings",
    "Chemmani mass grave (1996 · re-excavated 2025–2026)"
  ],
  "legal_reading": {
    "rome_statute": "Art 8(2)(c)(i)–(ii) and (2)(e)(vi)–(vii)",
    "sri_lanka_rome_status": "not a state party (Lammy at FAC Q315–Q316)",
    "open_routes": [
      "OSLAP evidence-banking (HRC res. 46/1, 51/1, 57/1, 60/1)",
      "Universal jurisdiction (UNCAT Art 5)",
      "UK Global Human Rights Sanctions Regulations 2020"
    ]
  },
  "recipient_tiers": [
    {
      "tier": "UN mandate-holders",
      "count": 20
    },
    {
      "tier": "OHCHR & UN treaty bodies",
      "count": 8
    },
    {
      "tier": "ICC Office of the Prosecutor (Art 15 communications)",
      "count": 2
    },
    {
      "tier": "UK Parliament (APPG Tamils, FCDO, FAC members)",
      "count": 15
    },
    {
      "tier": "EU institutions (Chemmani delegation, EEAS, DG Trade for GSP+)",
      "count": 10
    },
    {
      "tier": "International accountability NGOs (ITJP, PEARL, HRW, Amnesty, ICG, ICJ)",
      "count": 10
    },
    {
      "tier": "Research institutions (Chatham House, RUSI, universities)",
      "count": 15
    },
    {
      "tier": "Editorial desks (record-of-account journalism)",
      "count": 20
    }
  ],
  "what_the_envelope_contains": [
    "one witness card (Balachandran, aged 12)",
    "one legal letter (public template, PDF)",
    "one QR code back to /balachandran",
    "one citation ledger (Tier-A only)"
  ],
  "hard_rules_binding_in_aarambam": [
    "no shipments to Sri Lanka",
    "no direct pressure on named individuals",
    "no aggregation of counts by TLTE",
    "envelope contents remain identical across all recipients",
    "campaign belongs to the state-accountability spine, not any LTTE-conduct reading",
    "sender addresses may be diaspora members' own UK addresses (never third parties)"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "name": "Unmai · Final-Days Custody · Balachandran (12)",
      "url": "https://docs.tlte.cloud/unmai/desk/final-days-custody/balachandran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Institute · Chemmani",
      "url": "https://docs.tlte.cloud/institute/chemmani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Critical Research · Unfinished Final Days",
      "url": "https://docs.tlte.cloud/critical-research/unfinished-final-days"
    },
    {
      "name": "Declaration of the Hybrid Nation",
      "url": "https://docs.tlte.cloud/declaration"
    }
  ]
}